DEMONSTRATIONS IN TEACHING

LB#10

                  What is then is a demonstration in teaching? It is showing how the thing is done and emphasizing of the salient merits, utility and efficiency of a concept, a method or a process or an attitude.

There are at leat three guiding principles the teacher must to observe in using demonstration as a teaching-learning experience.

1. Establish rapport.Greet your audience.Make them feel at ease by your warmth and sincerity.Stimulate their interest by making your demonstration and yourself interesting.Sustain their attention.
2. Avoid the COIK fallacy (Clear Only If Known)  this means that it is the assumption that what is clear to the expert demonsrtator is also clearly known to the person whom the message is intended.To avoid this, it is best for the expert demonstrator to assume that his audience knows nothing or a little about what he is intending to demonstrate for him to be very thorough,clear and detailed in his demonstration even to a point of facing the risk of being repetitive.
3. Watch for key ponts. these are the ones at which an errors likely to be made, the places at which many people stumble and where the knacks and tricks of the trade are especially important. The good demonstrtor rocognizes possible stumbling blocks to learners and highlights them in some way.

To ensure that the demonstration works, the teacher ought to plan and prepare very well before they conduct the demonstration. 

Here are some suggested methodical procedures by the following question:

• What are the teacher's objectives?
• How does the teacher's class stand with respect to these objectives?
• Is there a better way to achieve the teacher's ends?
• Does the teacher has acess to all the necessary materials and equipment to make the demonstration?
• Are the time limits realistic?

A good demonstration is an audio-visual presentation.It is not enough that the teacher talks.To be effective, his/her demonstration must be accompanied by some visuals. To plan and prepare adequately for a demonstration, the teachers must first determine their goals,the material they need, their steps, and rehearse.

In the actual demonstration itself, the teachers see to  it that they:

• get and sustain the interest of their students
• keep their demonstration simple, focused and clear
• do not hurry nor drag out the demonstration
• check for understanding in the processof demonstration
• conclude with a summary and
• hand out written materials at the end the demonsration.

TEACHING WITH DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES

LB#9

        Something dramatic is stirring or affecting or moving.If teaching is dramatic, the students get attracted,interested and affected.If they are affected and moved by what the teacher taught,the teachers will most likely leave an impact on the students.Dramatic experiences cater to student's multiple intelligences.

Dramatic experiences range from the formal plays, pageants to less formal tableau,pantomime,puppets and role- playing

• Plays-depict life, character, or culture or the combination of all three.They offer excellent opportunities to portray vividly important ideas about life.
• Pageants -are usually community dramas that are based on local history, presented by local actors.An example is the historical pageant that traces the growth of a school.
• Pantomime- is the art of conveying a story through bodily movements only.It affects on the audience depends on the movements of the actors.
• Tableau- a french word which means picture. It is a picture-like scene composed of people against a background.It is often used to celebrate Independence Day, Christmas and United Nations day.

Teaching with dramatized experiences could also include the use of different kinds of puppets which can present ideas with extreme simplicity. As instructional device, the puppet show can involve the entire group of students.

The common puppets use are:

1. Shadow puppets- flat black silhouette made from light weight cardboard and shown behind the screen.
2. Rod puppets- flat cut out fingers tacked to a stick.,with one or movable parts, and operated from below the stage level by wire rods or slender sticks.
3. Hand puppets- the puppet's head is operated by the forefinger the puppeteer, the little finger and thumb being used to animate the puppet hands.
4. Glove-and-finger-puppet- make use of old gloves to which  small costumed figure are attached.
5. Marionettes- flexible, jointed puppets operated by strings or wires attached to a cross bar.

Another form of dramatized experiences is the role-playing. It is an unrehearsed, unprepared spontaneous

dramatization of a "let's pretend"situation where assigned participants are absorbed by their own roles in the situation described by the teachers.

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